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| |capital = Brussels |national_motto = ''Alles Erdreich ist Österreich untertan''〔''Heinz-Dieter Heimann: Die Habsburger. Dynastie und Kaiserreiche. ISBN 3-406-44754-6. pp.38-45〕 "All the world is subject to Austria" |national_anthem = |common_languages = German, Dutch, Latin |religion = Roman Catholic |currency = Kronenthaler | |representative1 = Francis Eugene (first) |representative2 = Charles Louis (last) |year_representative1 = 1716–1724 |year_representative2 = 1793–1794 |title_representative = Governor | |deputy1 = Lothar Dominik (first) |deputy2 = Franz Karl (last) |year_deputy1 = 1714–1716 |year_deputy2 = 1793–1794 |title_deputy = Plenipotentiary | |legislature = |house1 = |type_house1 = |house2 = |type_house2 = | |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = | |footnotes = }} The Austrian Netherlands ((ドイツ語:Österreichische Niederlande); (オランダ語:Oostenrijkse Nederlanden); (ラテン語:Belgium Austriacum)) was the Southern Netherlands between 1714 and 1797. The period began with the acquisition of the territory by the Habsburg Monarchy under the Treaty of Rastatt in 1714 and lasted until its annexation during the aftermath of the Battle of Sprimont in 1794 and the Peace of Basel in 1795. Austria, however, did not relinquish its claim over the province until 1797 in the Treaty of Campo Formio. The Austrian Netherlands was a noncontiguous territory that consisted of what is now western Belgium as well as greater Luxembourg, bisected by the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. The dominant languages were German (including Luxembourgish), Dutch (Flemish), and French, along with Picard and Walloon. ==History== Under the Treaty of Rastatt (1714), following the War of the Spanish Succession, the surviving portions of the Spanish Netherlands were ceded to Austria. The Austrians were unconcerned with the upkeep of their province and the fortresses along the border (the Barrier Fortresses) were, by treaty, garrisoned with Dutch troops. The area had, in fact, been given to Austria largely at British and Dutch insistence, as these powers feared potential French domination of the region. Charles VI attempted to use the Austrian Netherlands to compete with British and Dutch traders in an enterprise known as the Ostend Company. Throughout the latter part of the eighteenth century, the principal foreign policy goal of the Habsburg rulers was to exchange the Austrian Netherlands for Bavaria, which would round out Habsburg possessions in southern Germany. In the Treaty of Versailles of 1757, Austria agreed to the creation of an independent state in the Southern Netherlands ruled by Philip, Duke of Parma and garrisoned by French troops in exchange for French help in recovering Silesia. However, the agreement was later revoked by the Treaty of Versailles of 1758 and Austrian rule continued. In 1784 Joseph II did take up the long-standing grudge of Antwerp, whose once-flourishing trade was destroyed by the permanent closure of the Scheldt, and demanded that the Dutch Republic open the river to navigation. However, the Emperor's stance was far from militant, and he called off hostilities after the so-called Kettle War, known by that name because its only "casualty" was a kettle. Though Joseph did secure in the Treaty of Fontainebleau in 1785 that the Southern Netherlands would be compensated by the Dutch Republic for the continued closing the Scheldt, this achievement failed to gain him much popularity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Austrian Netherlands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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